The Galapagos hydrothermal mounds : history from about 600,000 years to Present

نویسنده

  • Claude Lalou
چکیده

RÉSUMÉ Claude Lalou, Évelyne Brichet, Héloise Pérez-Leclaire Centre des faibles radioactivités, Laboratoire mixte CNRS-CEA, Domaine du CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Received 8/7/83, in revised f orm 20/2/84, accepted 20/2/84. Using uranium series disequilibrium and oxygen isotope stratigraphy, a chronology has been established for the different events which led to the formation of the hydrothermal mounds south of the Galapagos Spreading Center. From the presence of an important uranium enrichment older than 350,000 years, in the deepest part of the sedimentary column of cores drilled from the mounds, it is concluded that hydrothermal activity is weil localized under the mounds and began 400,000 to 350,000 years ago. The uranium enrichment event was followed by the formation of nontronitic clay, which represents a transformation of the settling pelagie sediment and which took place from 300,000 to 90,000 years ago. ln sorne mounds, nontronite formation was followed, from 90,000 to 20,000 years ago, by the precipitation of plates of pure todorokite alternating with sediment deeply impregnated with a Mn-rich solution. The formation of nontronite as weil as of todorokite shows the pulsed character of the hydrothermal events. Overlying recent pelagie sediments are characterized by auranium enrichment, dated at 35,000, 18,000 or Recent in different mounds, marking the end or a major interruption of the hydrothermal phenomenon. Oceanol. Acta, 1984, 7, 3, 261-270. Chronologie des dépôts hydrothermaux des Galapagos En utilisant diverses possibilités de datation, comme les déséquilibres dans la famille de l'uranium ou l'échelle stratigraphique donnée par les isotopes de l'oxygène dans les tests de foraminifères, on a pu établir la succession des événements dans la zone des monticules hydrothermaux (mounds), au sud de l'axe de dérive des Galapagos. On a mis en évidence un fort enrichissement en uranium dans les sédiments pélagiques profonds des carottes prélevées dans ces monticules, et montré que cet uranium avait plus de 350 000 ans. La localisation préférentielle de cet uranium dans les carottes forées dans les monticules montre que l'apport hydrothermal est très localisé et a commencé il y a 400000 à 350000 ans. Ceci a été suivi par la formation du dépôt de nontronite, qui représente une transformation du sédiment au fur et à mesure qu'il sédimente, entre 300000 et 90000 ans. Dans certains monticules, la formation de nontronite a été suivie de celle d'un dépôt de manganèse. Ce dépôt de manganèse, consistant en une alternance de plaques de todorokite pure séparées par un sédiment totalement imprégné de manganèse, montre que le système hydrothermal a été pulsé. Les plaquettes correspondent aux périodes de plus forte activité et un suintement de la solution riche en manganèse, a imbibé le sédiment au fur et à .mesure de sa sédimentation lors des périodes de moindre activité. La sédimentation pélagique récente qui fait suite est caractérisée par un enrichissement en uranium qui permet de dater la fin du phénomène ou une importante interruption dans chaque monticule étudié à 35 000 ans, 18 000 ans ou récemment. Oceanol. Acta, 1984, 7, 3, 261-270.

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تاریخ انتشار 2013